"We decided we would especially like to emphasise a cross-cultural approach, as pandemic films have appeared in a number of national cinemas. Ravina's background in social anthropology was crucial in creating this focus," he says.

In the Malayalam film Virus, he observes that the team of contact tracers comprise a Hindu, Muslim and Christian - "A small thing, but that the heroes come from a 'multi-cultural' India seems significant," he adds. Pics/Facebook, Youtube

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Filmmakers are often known to exercise creative liberties with regards to scientific and historic accuracy in their work. When it comes to pandemic-centric films, how often has that been the case? Peña states that science fiction films tend to be weak especially in the area in which science fiction literature is strong: in science itself. "Part of that is the [filmmaker's] problem of expressing, as part of a dramatic narrative, the lengths of time science usually takes to make real advances," he adds.

Ravina Aggarwal

A good example of this, he informs, is the South Korean film The Flu where at the end a little girl who is believed to have antibodies to the disease is found, and it is announced that the production of a vaccine is underway. "But as one can know from reading the news, it takes weeks, if not years, to develop effective vaccines, and thus given the earlier announcement in the film that the disease takes only 36 hours to kill its victims, it seems at best a Pyrrhic victory — despite the swelling music at the end. But of course, the film, even though it's called The Flu, is much less about the disease than about how South Korea might act during such an event," he quips.

Richard Pena

Peña believes that especially in the US and Western Europe, the "theatrical model" of going to specialised sites ie cinemas to view the projection of moving images is on the decline. "Since 1992, the income in the US, at least, for home video (VHS, DVD, etc) has been greater than theatrical presentations and that trend has only increased," he informs. In the next couple of years, Peña sees the closing of many movie theatres across these countries, except in Mexico and China where he has witnessed contradictory evidence. From today's discussion, he hopes that filmgoers will be inspired to dig a little deeper into the themes and images that inform even what we might call "popular entertainment."

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