In Amritsar, a group of protesters gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden, to peacefully protest against the Rowlatt Act and to demand the release of two prominent Indian nationalist leaders who had been arrested. The crowd consisted of men, women, and children from all walks of life.

The British colonial government, led by General Reginald Dyer, saw the protest as a threat to their authority and decided to take action. On April 13, 1919, Dyer and his troops entered the Jallianwala Bagh and blocked the only exit, trapping the crowd inside.

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Without warning, Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on the unarmed crowd. The shooting continued for around ten minutes, until the soldiers ran out of ammunition. In the end, around 400 to 1,000 people were killed and over 1,200 were injured.

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre sparked outrage across India and led to widespread protests against British rule. Mahatma Gandhi, who had previously supported the British in World War I, now called for non-cooperation with the colonial government. The massacre also played a significant role in the Indian independence movement, as it highlighted the brutality of British rule and the need for India to gain independence.